Premium Domain Names for Sale at CrocoDom.com
Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.
Advertisement
Nature Climate Change (2024)
157
1
12
Metrics details
Implementing climate policies and programmes in cities requires substantial investments that inevitably entangle climate action with urban climate finance—the mechanisms and practices city governments use to pay for climate efforts. Here we use US cities as a case study to examine how climate finance impacts, and is impacted by, the pursuit of urban climate action and climate justice. Drawing on 34 expert interviews, we show how municipal financial decisions and budgetary practices are shaping how, when and for whom cities are responding to climate change. We demonstrate how public spending decisions are intertwined with the logics of debt financing and examine the impacts of these relationships on cities’ climate investments. We showcase the structuring impacts of finance on climate action and the built environment, and we introduce pathways through which climate and justice considerations are already being integrated into, and potentially transforming, municipal finance in the United States.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Interview transcripts and analysed interview data are not publicly available because they contain information that would compromise the research participants’ confidentiality and undermine the process of informed consent.
No custom algorithms or code were used in the collection or analysis of the data. All interview data were analysed using Vivo 12 Pro software.
Fuhr, H., Hickmann, T. & Kern, K. The role of cities in multi-level climate governance: local climate policies and the 1.5 °C target. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 30, 1–6 (2018).
Article Google Scholar
Bulkeley, H. Climate changed urban futures: environmental politics in the Anthropocene city. Environ. Polit. 30, 266–284 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011. Cities and Climate Change (UN Habitat, 2011).
Shi, L. et al. Roadmap towards justice in urban climate adaptation research. Nat. Clim. Change 6, 131–137 (2016).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Angelo, H. & Wachsmuth, D. Why does everyone think cities can save the planet? Urban Stud. 57, 2201–2221 (2020).
Article Google Scholar
Bulkeley, H. Cities and the governing of climate change. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 35, 229–253 (2010).
Article Google Scholar
Hsu, A. et al. Performance determinants show European cities are delivering on climate mitigation. Nat. Clim. Change 10, 1015–1022 (2020).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Negreiros, P. et al. The State of Cities Climate Finance Part 1: The Landscape of Urban Climate Finance (Climate Policy Initiative, 2021); https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/SCCF_PART1-FINAL-1.pdf
Chu, E. K. & Cannon, C. E. Equity, inclusion, and justice as criteria for decision-making on climate adaptation in cities. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 51, 85–94 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Diezmartínez, C. V. & Short Gianotti, A. G. US cities increasingly integrate justice into climate planning and create policy tools for climate justice. Nat. Commun. 13, 5763 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central ADS Google Scholar
Hughes, S. & Hoffmann, M. Just urban transitions: Toward a research agenda. WIREs Clim. Change 11, e640 (2020).
Cannon, C., Chu, E., Natekal, A. & Waaland, G. Translating and embedding equity-thinking into climate adaptation: an analysis of US cities. Reg. Environ. Change 23, 30 (2023).
Article Google Scholar
Knuth, S. in Urban Climate Justice: Theory, Praxis, Resistance 66–88 (Univ. of Georgia Press, 2023).
Silver, J. in Urban Climate Justice: Theory, Praxis, Resistance 89–105 (Univ. of Georgia Press, 2023).
Davidson, K. & Gleeson, B. Interrogating urban climate leadership: toward a political ecology of the C40 network. Glob. Environ. Polit. 15, 21–38 (2015).
Article Google Scholar
Bouteligier, S. Inequality in new global governance arrangements: the North–South divide in transnational municipal networks. Innov. Eur. J. Soc. Sci. Res. 26, 251–267 (2013).
Article Google Scholar
Bracking, S. & Leffel, B. Climate finance governance: fit for purpose? WIREs Clim. Change 12, e709 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Bigger, P. & Webber, S. Green structural adjustment in the World Bank’s resilient city. Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr. 111, 36–51 (2021).
Google Scholar
Acuto, M. & Rayner, S. City networks: breaking gridlocks or forging (new) lock-ins? Int. Aff. 92, 1147–1166 (2016).
Article Google Scholar
Bigger, P. & Millington, N. Getting soaked? Climate crisis, adaptation finance, and racialized austerity. Environ. Plan. E Nat. Space 3, 601–623 (2020).
Article Google Scholar
Christophers, B. Risk capital: urban political ecology and entanglements of financial and environmental risk in Washington, D.C. Environ. Plan. E Nat. Space 1, 144–164 (2018).
Article Google Scholar
Hadfield, P. & Coenen, L. Contemporary financial capitalism and sustainability transitions in urban built environments. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transit. 42, 285–300 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Hadfield, P. & Cook, N. Financing the low-carbon city: can local government leverage public finance to facilitate equitable decarbonisation? Urban Policy Res. 37, 13–29 (2019).
Article Google Scholar
Shi, L. & Varuzzo, A. M. Surging seas, rising fiscal stress: exploring municipal fiscal vulnerability to climate change. Cities 100, 102658 (2020).
Article Google Scholar
Long, J. Crisis capitalism and climate finance: the framing, monetizing, and orchestration of resilience-amidst-crisis. Polit. Gov. 9, 51–63 (2021).
Google Scholar
Weikmans, R., Roberts, J. T. & Robinson, S. What counts as climate finance? Define urgently. Nature 588, 220 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed ADS Google Scholar
Keenan, J. M., Chu, E. & Peterson, J. From funding to financing: perspectives shaping a research agenda for investment in urban climate adaptation. Int. J. Urban Sustain. Dev. 11, 297–308 (2019).
Article Google Scholar
Cousins, J. J. & Hill, D. T. Green infrastructure, stormwater, and the financialization of municipal environmental governance. J. Environ. Policy Plan. 23, 581–598 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Cox, S. Inscriptions of resilience: bond ratings and the government of climate risk in Greater Miami, Florida. Environ. Plan. A 54, 295–310 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Karpf, A. & Mandel, A. The changing value of the ‘green’ label on the US municipal bond market. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 161–165 (2018).
Article ADS Google Scholar
Langley, P., Bridge, G., Bulkeley, H. & van Veelen, B. Decarbonizing capital: investment, divestment and the qualification of carbon assets. Econ. Soc. 50, 494–516 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Cox, S. Bonding out the future: tracing the politics of urban climate finance in Miami, Florida. J. Urban Aff. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2192941 (2023).
Article Google Scholar
Long, J. & Rice, J. L. Climate urbanism: crisis, capitalism, and intervention. Urban Geogr. 42, 721–727 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Ponder, C. S. Spatializing the municipal bond market: urban resilience under racial capitalism. Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr. 111, 2112–2129 (2021).
Google Scholar
August, M. et al. Reimagining geographies of public finance. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 46, 527–548 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Robin, E. Rethinking the geographies of finance for urban climate action. Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. 47, 393–408 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Cox, S. in Urban Climate Justice: Theory, Praxis, Resistance 205–219 (Univ. of Georgia Press, 2023).
Taylor, Z. J. & Knuth, S. E. Financing ‘climate-proof’ housing? The premises and pitfalls of PACE finance in Florida. J. Urban Aff. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2247503 (2023).
Article Google Scholar
Taylor, Z. J. & Aalbers, M. B. Climate gentrification: risk, rent, and restructuring in Greater Miami. Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr. 112, 1685–1701 (2022).
Google Scholar
Knuth, S. et al. Interrupted rhythms and uncertain futures: mortgage finance and the (spatio-) temporalities of climate breakdown. J. Urban Aff. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2229462 (2023).
Article Google Scholar
Shi, L. et al. Can Florida’s coast survive its reliance on development? J. Am. Plann. Assoc. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2249866 (2023).
Article Google Scholar
Shi, L. & Moser, S. Transformative climate adaptation in the United States: trends and prospects. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc8054 (2021).
Jenkins, D. The Bonds of Inequality: Debt and the Making of the American City (Univ. of Chicago Press, 2021).
Bridge, G., Bulkeley, H., Langley, P. & van Veelen, B. Pluralizing and problematizing carbon finance. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 44, 724–742 (2020).
Article Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Climate Finance in the Negotiations https://unfccc.int/topics/climate-finance/the-big-picture/climate-finance-in-the-negotiations (2023).
Colenbrander, S., Dodman, D. & Mitlin, D. Using climate finance to advance climate justice: the politics and practice of channelling resources to the local level. Clim. Policy 18, 902–915 (2018).
Article Google Scholar
Christophers, B., Bigger, P. & Johnson, L. Stretching scales? Risk and sociality in climate finance. Environ. Plan. A 52, 88–110 (2020).
Article Google Scholar
Garschagen, M. & Doshi, D. Does funds-based adaptation finance reach the most vulnerable countries? Glob. Environ. Change 73, 102450 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Khan, M., Robinson, S.-A., Weikmans, R., Ciplet, D. & Roberts, J. T. Twenty-five years of adaptation finance through a climate justice lens. Clim. Change https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02563-x (2019).
Barrett, S. Local level climate justice? Adaptation finance and vulnerability reduction. Glob. Environ. Change 23, 1819–1829 (2013).
Article Google Scholar
Vinnari, E. M. & Näsi, S. Creative accrual accounting in the public sector: ‘milking’ water utilities to balance municipal budgets and accounts. Financ. Account. Manage. 24, 97–116 (2008).
Article Google Scholar
Rubin, I. S. Municipal enterprises: exploring budgetary and political implications. Public Adm. Rev. 48, 542–550 (1988).
Article Google Scholar
Parker, C., Scott, S. & Geddes, A. Snowball sampling. SAGE Res. Methods https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036831710 (2019).
Article Google Scholar
Baxter, J. & Eyles, J. Evaluating qualitative research in social geography: establishing ‘rigour’ in interview analysis. Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. 22, 505–525 (1997).
Article Google Scholar
Download references
This work was supported by a Boston University Initiative on Cities Early Stage Urban Research Grant (C.V.D., A.G.S.G.), a Boston University Institute for Global Sustainability Fellowship (C.V.D.), a National Science Foundation grant (NSF 2314889, A.G.S.G.) and a National Science Foundation Research Traineeship (NRT) grant to Boston University (DGE 1735087, C.V.D.). We are grateful to all the anonymous experts who generously shared their time and knowledge for this research.
Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Claudia V. Diezmartínez & Anne G. Short Gianotti
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
C.V.D. wrote the original draft, conceptualized the project, developed the methodology, collected and analysed data, and acquired funding. A.G.S.G. conceptualized the project, developed the methodology, acquired funding, reviewed and edited the paper, and supervised the project.
Correspondence to Claudia V. Diezmartínez.
The authors declare no competing interests.
Nature Climate Change thanks Nicole Cook, David Gordon and Zac Taylor for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Appendix A. Sample interview script. Appendix B. Final coding protocol for interview transcripts.
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Reprints and permissions
Diezmartínez, C.V., Short Gianotti, A.G. Municipal finance shapes urban climate action and justice. Nat. Clim. Chang. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01924-4
Download citation
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01924-4
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
Nature Climate Change (2024)
Advertisement
© 2024 Springer Nature Limited
Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.
source
Premium Domain Names:
A premium domain name is a highly sought-after domain that is typically short, memorable, and contains popular keywords or phrases. These domain names are considered valuable due to their potential to attract more organic traffic and enhance branding efforts. Premium domain names are concise and usually consist of one to two words or two to four individual characters.
Top-Level Domain Names for Sale on Crocodom.com:
If you are looking for top-level domain names for sale, you can visit Crocodom.com. Crocodom.com is a platform that offers a selection of domain names at various price ranges. It is important to note that the availability of specific domain names may vary, and it’s recommended to check the website for the most up-to-date information.
Contact at crocodomcom@gmail.com:
If you have any inquiries or need assistance regarding the domain names available on Crocodom.com, you can reach out to them via email at crocodomcom@gmail.com. Feel free to contact them for any questions related to the domain names or the purchasing process.
Availability on Sedo.com, Dan.com, and Afternic.com:
Apart from Crocodom.com, you can also explore other platforms like Sedo.com, Dan.com, and Afternic.com for available domain names. These platforms are popular marketplaces for buying and selling domain names. Each platform may have its own inventory of domain names, so it’s worth checking multiple sources to find the perfect domain name for your needs.
#PremiumDomains #DomainInvesting #DigitalAssets #DomainMarketplace #DomainFlipping #BrandableDomains #DomainBrokers #DomainAcquisition #DomainPortfolio #DomainIndustry #DomainAuctions #DomainInvestors #DomainSales #DomainExperts #DomainValue #DomainBuyers #DomainNamesForSale #DomainBrand #DomainInvestment #DomainTrading
+ There are no comments
Add yours